INDUS RIVER SYSTEM
News – India to explore options it has ‘never considered’ under Indus Waters Treaty
- Indus River-
- Origin: Lake Mansarovar in the Tibetan Plateau
- Course: Ladakh (India), Pakistan
- Jhelum River-
- Origin: Verinag Spring, in Jammu
- Course: joins Chenab River in Pakistan
- Known for Wular Lake on its course
- Chenab River–
- Origin: Baralacha Pass, Himachal Pradesh
- Length: About 1,180 km
- It is the longest tributary of indus
- Ravi River–
- Origin: Near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh
- Course: Flows through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and joins the Chenab River
- Beas River–
- Origin: Near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh
- Course: Flows entirely within India
- Merges with the Sutlej River in Punjab.
- Sutlej River-
- Origin: Near Lake Rakshastal, Tibet
- Joins the Indus River in Pakistan.
PHILIPPINE
News – Signs of China poll interference, says Philippine security agency
- Philipphine is – 2nd largest archipelagos in the world.
- It consists of – 7,641 islands
- Three main island groups are – Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
- Capital – Manila
- Location – surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, and Celebes Sea.
- Official languages – Filipino
- Curency – Philippine Peso
- Political System – Unitary presidential constitutional republic
- Popular Festivals – Sinulog, Ati-Atihan, and Pahiyas
DCGI
News -DCGI urged to lay down stringent guidelines on use of new antibiotics
- DCGI – “Drug Controller General of India”
- DCGI heads – Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation
- Under – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- Draws powers from – Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940,
- Functions-
- Approval of clinical trials and new drugs
- Regulation of medical devices
- Approving licenses
- SUGAM Portal – Streamlines processes for drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics in India
STEEL
News – Jolted by U.S. tariffs, stainless steel players turn to local market
- About – Steel is a critical material for infrastructure, automobile, and defense sectors.
- Composition on Normal Steel-
- Iron(98%) + Carbon(2%)
- Stainless Steel-
- Iron + 10.5% chromium
- It has corrosion resistance properties
- Elements and enhanced properties-
- Nickel: Improves toughness
- Carbon: Enhances strength
- Molybdenum: Boosts resistance to pitting
- Top 3 Global Producers of Steel-
- China>India>Japan
SUNRISE SECTOR
News – Sunrise sectors to double India manufacturing
- Defn – A sunrise sector is a newly developing industry with high growth potential and significant investor interest.
- Driven by – technological innovation and global trends
- These industries are in their early stages but show rapid expansion
- Examples in India–
- Renewable Energy: Solar, wind
- Electric Vehicles and Semiconductors
- Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, education
MALARIA
News – The mosquito effect: how malarial chaos influenced human history
- Malaria is a life-threatening disease
- Caused by – Plasmodium parasites
- Transmitted to humans by – Female Anopheles Mosquitoes
- Not contagious – cannot spread from person to person
- Symptoms-
- Fever, Headache, Pneumonia
- Malaria Vaccines-
- RTS, S/AS01, MOSQURIX
- From 2015 to 2023, malaria cases fell from 11.69 lakh to 2.27 lakh
- India aims to achieve malaria-free status by 2030
MCQs
1. Which is the longest tributary of Indus?
A. Chenab
B. Chambal
C. Sutlej
D. Cauvery
2. Capital of “Philippine” is?
A. Hong Kong
B. Canberra
C. Manila
D. Seoul
3. “Drug Controller General of India” is under which body?
A. Min. of Chemicals
B. Indian Council of Medical Research
C. Narcotics Control Bureau
D. Min. of Health
4. “Female Anopheles Mosquito” is responsible for spreading of which disease?
A. Dengue
B. Tuberculosis
C. Kala Azar
D. Malaria
5. Who is the largest producer of steel?
A. USA
B. China
C. India
D. Japan