POPE FRANCIS
News – Pope Francis, a cheerful reformer, dies aged 88
- Real name – Jorge Mario Bergoglio
- He was – 266th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church
- He was head of the Vatican City State
- He was 1st American to be elected as Pope
- Reforms and Initiatives-
- Advocated for social justice, climate action, and interfaith dialogue
- Promoted decentralization of governance
- Advocated for – LGBTQ+ rights, women’s roles, and refugee protection.
VATICAN CITY
News – Pope Francis, a cheerful reformer, dies aged 88
- Location – city within Rome, Italy
- Area – 0.49 square kilometres
- It is World’s – Smallest country
- Approximately 800 residents
- Became independent state – 1929
- Govt – Theocratic Elective Monarchy, ruled by Pope
- It is – Administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church
- Iconic landmarks – St. Peter’s Basilica, the Sistine Chapel
WRIT
News – Won’t directing Centre to ‘protect’ Bengal from violence amount to ‘judicial incursion’, asks SC
- About – A writ is a formal written order issued by a court to enforce fundamental rights
- Issued by –
- Supreme Court – (under Article 32)
- High Courts – (under Article 226)
- Types of Writs-
- Habeas Corpus: esnsures a person is not unlawfully detained.
- Mandamus: Commands a public official to perform a duty
- Prohibition: Prevents lower courts from exceeding their jurisdiction
- Certiorari: Quashes the order of a lower court
- Quo Warranto: Challenges the legality of a person holding a public office.
VICE-President of India vs USA
News – Modi, Vance see progress in bilateral trade talks
INSIDER TRADING
News – Kin of insider trading norm violators also to face PAN freeze
- Definition: Insider trading refers to the buying or selling of a publicly traded company’s securities
- By someone who has access to non-public, price-sensitive information about the company.
- Insider: A person who has access to company’s secret information, such as company executives
- Insider Trading is – Prohibited by SEBI
- Eg – Stock Brokers like Harshad Mehta in 1990s
SPADEX MISSION
News – Two ISRO satellites dock successfully for the second time
- Launched by – ISRO
- Launch Site – Satish Dhavan Space Centre
- Carrier Vehicle – PSLV-C60
- Orbit – Lower Earth Orbit, 450 m
- India became 4th country to do so after – US, Russia and China
- Obj- To demonstrate the docking, undocking, and rendezvous capabilities of two satellites
- Satellites-
- SDX01 (Chaser): Equipped with a High-Resolution Camera (HRC).
- SDX02 (Target): Carries a Miniature Multispectral Payload
MCQs
1. Which is the world’s smallest country?
A. Algeria
B. Japan
C. Bhutan
D. Vatican City
2. Vatican City is locate din the territory of?
A. France
B. Italy
C. Australia
D. USA
3. Article 32 and Article 226 are related to?
A. Emergency
B. Freedom of Religion
C. Writ
D. President
4. Which among the following countries have achieved docking in space?
A. USA
B. Russia
C. India
D. All The Above
5. Who is the Vice-President of USA?
A. Kamala Harris
B. Abraham Lincoln
C. Joseph Biden
D. JD Vance